Subject- Verb Agreement

किसी Sentence में Subject के Number तथा Person के अनुसार Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है,तो उसे Syntax (Subject-Verb- Agreement) कहते है|

Rule-1

Singular Subject के साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है, एवं Plural Subject के साथ Plural Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है|

Eg: –       I am rich.                                             He goes to Patna.

यदि Noun में ‘s/es’ जोड़ा जाता है, तो वह Plural बन जाता है और यदि Verb में ‘s/es’ जोड़ते है तो वह Singular बन जाता है|

Noun + s/es -> Plural Noun (Key-> Keys,                 Foxes-> Foxes etc.)

Verb + s/es -> Singular Verb (Go-> Goes,                Read-> Reads etc.)

Rule-2

जब दो singular Noun ‘and’ से जुड़े हो तो Plural Number हो जाता है और Plural Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है जब दो Noun ‘and’ से जुड़े हो एवं दोनों का Sense एक ही है तो Verb Singular होगा|

Ram and Mohan go to Patna.

Prakash and Bikram are getting ready.

Butter and bread is made.

The rice and fall is the rule of the world.

The poet and philosopher is dead.

Rule-3

Each, every, either, neither, no, none, everybody, somebody, nobody, anybody, everything, something, nothing, anythings, everyone, someone, no one, anyone सभी word singular है और singular verb लेता है |

Each student had come.

Many a student has not done his home work.

More than one man was present there.

Rule- 4

यदि दो Subject को as well as, with, along with, together with, in association with, and not, in addition to, but, besides, except, rather than, accompanied by, like, unlike, no less than, nothing but से जोड़ा जाए, तो verb पहले sub के अनुसार प्रयोग होना चाहिए|

Ram as well as his parents is coming.

He as well as his brother is guilty.

The caption along with the sailors was drowned.

My parents along with I were present there.

Rule -5

यदि दो Subject को neither…….nor, either………or, not only…… but also nor, or या none-but से जोड़ा जाए, तो verb नजदीक वाले Subject के अनुसार प्रयोग होना चाहिए |

Neither Ram or Shyam has come.

Either Ram or his friends have come.

Either Radha or Sita has done it.

Sonu or Monu smokes everyday.

Rule- 6

कुछ Noun form से plural होते है, लेकिन अर्थ में Singular इनके साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग करते है |

बिमारियों के नाम – Measles, Rickets, Shingles, etc.

खेल के नाम –          Darts, Billiards, etc.

देश के नाम –           The United States, The West Indies, etc.

पुस्तकों के नाम –    Three Muskeeters, etc.

विषयों के नाम –      Physics, Economics, Mathematics, Politics, etc

Mathematics is an interesting subject.

            यदि किसी देश, घर, होटल, संस्था, किताब आदि का नाम Plural हो, तब भी उसके साथ singular verb लगता है |

            Eg:- The West Indies is full of charming scenery.

                    Gulliver’s Travels is very interesting.

Rule- 7

Collective Noun के साथ हमेशा Singular Verb का प्रयोग करें |

The committee has unanimously its decision.

लेकिन अगर Collective Noun में मतभेद हो या प्रत्येक व्यक्ति की बात की जाए तो Plural Verb एवं Plural Pronoun का प्रयोग करें |

The jury are divided in their opinion.

Rule- 8

Each, Every, Everyone, Someone, Nobody, None, One, Any, More than one, अर्थ से Singular है Singular Verb, Singular Noun Singular Pronoun का प्रयोग होता है |

Each student has come.

More than one man was present there.

Many का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में देखें

Many a man has come.

Many men have come.

Rule- 10

अगर Each, every, one इत्यादि के बाद of का प्रयोग होता है तो के बाद आने वाला Noun अथवा Pronoun तो Plural होता है लेकिन उसके बाद आने वाला Verb, Pronoun इत्यादि Singular होगा |

One of the boys/ them has done his work.

Rule- 11

Plural Noun या Plural Pronoun के बाद each का प्रयोग हो, तो इसे Plural माना जाता है तथा इसके साथ Plural Verb का प्रयोग होता है |

We each have a duty towards our nation.

Rule- 12

Indefinite Pronoun- ‘One’ का प्रयोग Sentence के Subject के में हो, तो इसके साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग होता है तथा इसके लिए Singular Pronoun- One, One’s, Oneself का प्रयोग होता है न कि he, him, his, himself का |

One should keep his promise. (Incorrect)

One should keep one’s promise. (Correct)

Rule- 13

काल्पनिक वाक्य प्राय: If,as if, as though, suppose, I wish, in case से शुरू होते है इन शब्दों के बाद चाहे किसी भी Number तथा Person Subject का प्रयोग हो, Plural Verb ‘were’ का ही प्रयोग होता है न कि ‘was’ का |

I wish, I were a bird.

If he were rich, he would help others.

Rule- 14

A number of/ A large number of/ a great number of का प्रयोग Plural Countable Noun के साथ होता है तथा इसके साथ Plural Verb का प्रयोग होता है |

A number of students were present.

लेकिन the number of का प्रयोग एक निश्चित संख्या, के अर्थ में होता है इसके बाद Plural Sub. का प्रयोग होता है तथा इसका प्रयोग Sentence के Subject के रूप में होने पर, इसके साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग होता है |

The number of Boys are fifty. (Incorrect)

The number of Boys is fifty. (Correct)

Rule- 15

Furniture, advice, work, evidence, equipment, news, information, luggage, baggage, percentage, poetry, knowledge, dirt, dust, electricity, music, breakage, stationary, crockery, behavior का प्रयोग Uncountable Nouns के रूप में होता है इसलिए इसके साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग होता है |

I pass but the percentage of marks was not good.

Rule- 16

कुछ Nouns का प्रयोग हमेशा Plural Form में ही होता है इन Noun के अंत में लगे s को हटाकर इन्हें Singular नहीं बनाया जा सकता है ये दिखने में भी Plural लगते है एवं इनका प्रयोग भी Plural कि तरह होता है ऐसे Nouns निम्न है|

            Scissors, tongs (चिमटा), pilers, pants, pajamas, shorts, gallows (फांसी का फंदा), spectacles, goggles, binoculars (दूरबीन), sunglass, alms(दान), amends(क्षतिपूर्ति), archive (ऐतिहासिक दस्तावेज़), congratulation, embers(राख), firework, lodging, particulars, regards, riches, remains, surrounding, thanks, valuables, belongings, etc.

Alms were given to the beggars.

Rule- 17

कुछ Nouns दिखने में Singular लगते है, लेकिन इनका प्रयोग हमेशा Plural में होता है जैसे; cattle, cavalry, infantry, poultry, peasantry, children, gentry, police, people, etc. इनके साथ कभी भी ‘s’ नहीं लगाया जाता है जैसे- cattles, childrens लिखना गलत है |

Cattle are grazing in the field.

Police have arrested the thieves.

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