What is Narration , Types of Narration , How to use

Narration is made of Latin word ‘Narrate’ It means ‘to say/to tell’. The synonym of narration is – Speech, Dialogue, Statement, Declaration. (Narration लैटिन शब्द ‘Narrate’ से बना है | इसका अर्थ कहना होता है | इसे ‘Speech, Dialogue, Statement तथा Declaration भी कहा जाता है |)

Narration is a kind of a statement which shows the statement of speaker directly or indirectly near the hearer. (Narration एक प्रकार का कथन होता है, जिसे वक्ता के द्वारा श्रोता के समक्ष प्रत्यक्ष एवं अप्रत्यक्ष रूप में व्यक्त किया जाता है |)

SOME IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN NARRATION

1. Reporting Speech: – Such part of Direct Speech which is out of inverted comma (“ ”).

(Direct Speech का वैसा हिस्सा जो (“ ”) के बाहर रहता है |

• Reporting Verb: – Such verb which is in Reporting Speech is – ‘Reporting Verb’ and used ‘Subject’ is called- The subject of Reporting Speech verb and ‘Object’ is called- the object of Reporting Speech.

( वैसा Verb जो Reporting Speech में रहता है, तथा इसमें प्रयुक्त Subject, Reprting Verb का subject तथा इसमें प्रयुक्त Object को Reporting Verb का object कहलाता है |)

• Reported Speech: – Such part of Direct Speech which is surrounded with inverted comma (“ ”) is called Reported Speech.

(Direct Speech का वह भाग जो (“ ”) से घिरा हो Reported Speech कहलाता है |)

special Note: – Reporting Verb can be in the starting/ middle or end of the sentence. (Reporting Verbवाक्य के शुरू/ बीच या अंत में हो सकता है |)

Two Kinds of Narration/ Speech

1. Direct Speech (प्रत्यक्ष कथन)
2. Indirect Speech (अप्रत्यक्ष कथन)

1. Direct Narration: – The statement of speaker is expressed in the same way near the hearer, such statement is called Direct Speech. वक्ता के कथन को उसी प्रकार श्रोता के निकट व्यक्त किया जाता है, प्रत्यक्ष कथन कहा जाता है।

2. Indirect Narration: – The statement of speaker is not expressed in the same way near the hearer, it is expressed in its own way, is called Indirect Speech. वक्ता के कथन को उसी प्रकार से व्यक्त नहीं किया जाता है जैसे सुनने वाले के पास, अपने तरीके से व्यक्त किया जाता है, अप्रत्यक्ष कथन कहलाता है।

Some General Rules For Changing Direct to Indirect Narration:

1. Reporting verb’s “say to/says to/said to” is change into “tell/tells/told” respectively. Only “say/says/said” are not changed. (Reporting verb में “say to/says to/said to” को क्रमश: “tell/tells/told” में बदलते है | अगर वाक्य में सिर्फ “say/says/said” रहे तो इसमें कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होगा |
2. “that” is used in place of Inverted Comma (“ ”). (“that” का प्रयोग (“ ”) के स्थान पर होता है |
3. General rules are classified into three groups: (को तीन भागों में बाँटा गया है|)

1. Rules for changing Persons/Pronoun
2. Rules for Changing Tense
3. Rules for changing sentences

CHANGE OF PERSONS/PRONOUN

The persons of Reported Speech (1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd persons) are changed according to the formula of SON.

Explanation of SON/123

S – Subject of Reporting Verb	1- 1st Person (I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)
O – Object of Reporting Verb	2- 2nd Person (you, your, yours)
N – Never Change	3- 3rd Person (he, him, his, she, her, hers, they, them, their, theirs, etc. )

Change of Tense

Rule (1): – यदि Reporting Verb Present या Future Tense में हो, तो Indirect Speech में Repoted Speech के Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है, अर्थात् जिस Tense में Repoted Speech रहता है, उसी Tense का प्रयोग ज्यों का त्यों Indirect Speech में होता है  |

eg:-                                                                                                       

Direct  Speech	Indirect  Speech
Ram says to me, “I am your friend.”	Ram tells me that he is my friend.
She says to me, “I can teach you.”	She tells me that she can teach me.
He says, “I am your friend.”	He says that he is my friend.

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